Communications of the ACM
Connected Traffic System For Emergency Responders Is Demonstrated
A fire truck responding to a mock emergency incident gets the green light though an intersection during a live demonstration of the SmartDrive traffic management system in Anthem, Ariz.
Credit: University of Arizona College of Engineering
The small but new community of Anthem, Ariz., just north of Phoenix, has the potential to become the nation's leader in traffic safety technology.
The north Maricopa Valley community is the test site for a new, federally-funded and state-supported traffic management system that, if successful, would not only protect emergency vehicles from colliding with traffic during rapid response, but would enable them to "talk" to each other and prioritize each other's routes to an emergency incident.
The MCDOT SmartDrive program — developed through a partnership between the University of Arizona, the Maricopa County Department of Transportation (MCDOT), the community of Anthem, and others — could also be expanded to give city buses, special needs vehicles, and other mass transportation providers a clear path through traffic tie-ups in near-real time.
A live demonstration of the MCDOT SmartDrive system in April 2012 included equipping several street intersections and vehicles in Anthem with system components to demonstrate the capabilities of the system to manage emergency vehicles during a mock incident response. Traffic signals at six intersections along a 2.3-mile stretch of Daisy Mountain Drive were retrofitted with components that allow the signals to "talk" to not only each other, but with at least two other emergency vehicles involved in the demonstration. The SmartDrive system uses a combination of short range radios, WiFi and Bluetooth to maintain connection.
When the incident alert alarm was given to the system, it began clearing a path of green lights for the mock emergency vehicle — in this case, a Valley Metro bus loaded with demonstration observers — while at the same time disclosing the location of the vehicle to coordinators and other vehicles connected to the system. Traffic detection and data collection software were used to display the data live to observers.
Individual emergency vehicles can "talk" to each other via the SmartDrive system, receiving real-time information during an incident response and assigning priority right of way to fire trucks, police vehicles, or ambulances, depending on the circumstances of the individual incident. "It's the capability to talk to several responding vehicles at once that makes this traffic system unique, and is the focus of our research," says Larry Head, associate professor of systems and industrial engineering at the University of Arizona College of Engineering.
Operators of vehicles in the system would know which lanes are closed, and could select alternate routes to more efficiently reach emergencies, or to find a clear outbound corridor to say, a hospital or other emergency services destination. If additional emergency vehicles are heading in the direction of the incident, they would be able to find the fastest routes through traffic, Head says.
Assisting in the system research are UA engineering graduate student Jun Ding, who is studying for both his masters in systems engineering and his Ph.D. in electrical and computer engineering, and Wei Wu, a visiting scholar from Tonghi University in Shanghi China.
The MCDOT SmartDrive test site in Anthem is part of a larger, federal research initiative called ITS, or Intelligent Transportation Systems program. It gets support from the U.S. Department of Transportation as part of a broader series of research initiatives that would eventually connect all vehicles involved in surface transportation together to maximize safety, increase ground mobility, and decrease environmental impact. A second national test site in California is operated by the California Department of Transportation.
The SmartDrive system technology has another beneficial application that's also in the works: increasing city bus efficiency. Providing public transit vehicles access to the SmartDrive system would allow buses and shuttles to operate more efficiently, stay on schedule, and provide better service, if given traffic signal priority at SmartDrive intersections. "Transit and school buses would run on time and more reliably, and would make public transit more attractive," said U.S. Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood, in an April 26 blog post describing the Arizona SmartDrive project.
While officials finalize the details of getting the SmartDrive system fully operational in Anthem, Head confirms the next step in the development of the system is adding public buses and school buses.
Head also says there are plans to use the Anthem field test site to support other research, including field testing an application that would allow pedestrians to send need-to-cross signals directly to traffic lights from their mobile phones. The phones would also be able to let visually impaired pedestrians receive red or green light signals. This research is being developed in partnership with Santa Clara, Calif.-based Savari Inc.
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