Communications of the ACM
Nsf Invests Nearly $15 Million in New Big Data Research Projects
Wu Feng, associate professor of computer science at Virginia Tech, will participate in a Big Data research project with Srinvas Aluru of Iowa State University and Oyekunie Olukotun at Stanford University, which holds promising advances for genomics and me
Credit: Virginia Tech
The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), with support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has announced nearly $15 million in new Big Data fundamental research projects. These awards aim to develop new tools and methods to extract and use knowledge from collections of large data sets to accelerate progress in science and engineering research and innovation.
These grants were made in response to a joint NSF-NIH call for proposals issued in conjunction with the March 2012 Big Data Research and Development Initiative launch: NSF Leads Federal Efforts in Big Data.
"I am delighted to provide such a positive progress report just six months after fellow federal agency heads joined the White House in launching the Big Data Initiative," says NSF Director Subra Suresh. "By funding the fundamental research to enable new types of collaborations — multi-disciplinary teams and communities — and with the start of an exciting competition, today we are realizing plans to advance the foundational science and engineering of Big Data, fortifying U.S. competitiveness for decades to come."
"To get the most value from the massive biological data sets we are now able to collect, we need better ways of managing and analyzing the information they contain," says NIH Director Francis S. Collins. "The new awards that NIH is funding will help address these technological challenges — and ultimately help accelerate research to improve health — by developing methods for extracting important, biomedically relevant information from large amounts of complex data."
The eight projects announced Wednesday (October 3) run the gamut of scientific techniques for big data management, new data analytic approaches, and e-science collaboration environments with possible future applications in a variety of fields, such as physics, economics, and medicine.
"Data represents a transformative new currency for science, engineering, and education," says Farnam Jahanian, assistant director for NSF's Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering. "By advancing the techniques and technologies for data management and knowledge extraction, these new research awards help to realize the enormous opportunity to capitalize on the transformative potential of data."
NSF, along with NASA and the U.S. Department of Energy, also announced the start of an idea-generating challenge series, opening additional avenues for innovation in seizing the opportunities afforded by Big Data science and engineering. The competition will be run by the NASA Tournament Lab (NTL), a collaboration between Harvard University and TopCoder, a competitive community of digital creators.
The NTL platform and process allows U.S. government agencies to conduct high risk/high reward challenges in an open and transparent environment with predictable cost, measurable outcomes-based results and the potential to move quickly into unanticipated directions and new areas of software technology. Registration is open through Oct. 13, 2012, for the first of four idea generation competitions in the series. Full competition details and registration information is available at the Ideation Challenge Phase website.
"Big Data is characterized not only by the enormous volume or the velocity of its generation, but also by the heterogeneity, diversity, and complexity of the data," says Suzi Iacono, co-chair of the interagency Big Data Senior Steering Group, a part of the Networking and Information Technology Research and Development program and senior science advisor at NSF. "There are enormous opportunities to extract knowledge from these large-scale, diverse data sets, and to provide powerful new approaches to drive discovery and decision-making, and to make increasingly accurate predictions. We're excited about the awards we are making today and to see what the idea generation competition will yield."
The eight Big Data: Mid-Scale Award recipients are:
DCM: Collaborative Research: Eliminating the Data Ingestion Bottleneck in Big-Data Applications
Rutgers University, Martin Farach-Colton,
Michael Bender, Stony Brook University
Big-data practice suggests that there is a tradeoff between the speed of data ingestion, the ability to answer queries quickly (e.g., via indexing), and the freshness of data. This tradeoff has manifestations in the design of all types of storage systems. In this project the principal investigators show that this is not a fundamental tradeoff, but rather a tradeoff imposed by the choice of data structure. They depart from the use of traditional indexing methodologies to build storage systems that maintain indexing 200 times faster in databases with billions of entries.
ESCE: DCM: Collaborative Research: DataBridge – A Sociometric System for Long-Tail Science Data Collections
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Arcot Rajasekar
Harvard University, Gary King
North Carolina Agriculture & Technical State University, Justin Zhan
The sheer volume and diversity of data present a new set of challenges in locating all of the data relevant to a particular line of scientific research. Taking full advantage of the unique data in the "long-tail of science" requires new tools specifically created to assist scientists in their search for relevant data sets. DataBridge supports advances in science and engineering by directly enabling and improving discovery of relevant scientific data across large, distributed and diverse collections using socio-metric networks. The system will also provide an easy means of publishing data through the DataBridge, and incentivize data producers to do so by enhancing collaboration and data-oriented networking.
DCM: A Formal Foundation for Big Data Management
University of Washington, Dan Suciu
This project explores the foundations of big data management with the ultimate goal of significantly improving the productivity in Big Data analytics by accelerating data exploration. It will develop open source software to express and optimize ad hoc data analytics. The results of this project will make it easier for domain experts to conduct complex data analysis on Big Data and on large computer clusters.
DA: Analytical Approaches to Massive Data Computation with Applications to Genomics
Brown University, Eli Upfal
The goal of this project is to design and test mathematically well-founded algorithmic and statistical techniques for analyzing large scale, heterogeneous and so called noisy data. This project is motivated by the challenges in analyzing molecular biology data. The work will be tested on extensive cancer genome data, contributing to better health and new health information technologies, areas of national priority.
DA: Distribution-based Machine Learning for High-Dimensional Datasets
Carnegie Mellon University, Aarti Singh
The project aims to develop new statistical and algorithmic approaches to natural generalizations of a class of standard machine learning problems. The resulting novel machine learning approaches are expected to benefit other scientific fields in which data points can be naturally modeled by sets of distributions, such as physics, psychology, economics, epidemiology, medicine, and social network-analysis.
DA: Collaborative Research: Genomes Galore – Core Techniques, Libraries, and Domain Specific Languages for High-Throughput DNA Sequencing
Iowa State University, Srinivas Aluru
Stanford University, Oyekunie Olukotun
Virginia Tech, Wuchun Feng
The goal of the project is to develop core techniques and software libraries to enable scalable, efficient, high-performance computing solutions for high-throughput DNA sequencing, also known as next-generation sequencing. The research will be conducted in the context of challenging problems in human genetics and metagenomics, in collaboration with domain specialists.
DA: Collaborative Research: Big Tensor Mining: Theory, Scalable Algorithms and Applications
Carnegie Mellon University, Christos Faloutsos
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Nikolaos Sidiropoulos
The objective of this project is to develop theory and algorithms to tackle the complexity of language processing, and to develop methods that approximate how the human brain works in processing language. The research also promises better algorithms for search engines, new approaches to understanding brain activity, and better recommendation systems for retailers.
ESCE: Collaborative Research: Discovery and Social Analytics for Large-Scale Scientific Literature
Rutgers University, Paul Kantor
Cornell University, Thorsten Joachims
Princeton University, David Biei
This project will focus on the problem of bringing massive amounts of data down to the human scale by investigating the individual and social patterns that relate to how text repositories are actually accessed and used. It will improve the accuracy and relevance of complex scientific literature searches.
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