Communications of the ACM
AI System as Smart as a Four-Year-Old
Credit: University of Illinois at Chicago
Artificial and natural knowledge researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have IQ-tested one of the best available artificial intelligence systems to see how intelligent it really is.
Turns out — it's about as smart as the average four-year-old, they will report July 17 at the Twenty-Seventh AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Bellevue, Wash.
The UIC team put ConceptNet 4, an artificial intelligence system developed at MIT, through the verbal portions of the Weschsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Test, a standard IQ assessment for young children.
They found ConceptNet 4 has the average IQ of a young child. But unlike most children, the machine's scores were very uneven across different portions of the test.
"If a child had scores that varied this much, it might be a symptom that something was wrong," says Robert Sloan, professor and head of computer science at UIC, and lead author on the study.
Sloan says ConceptNet 4 did very well on a test of vocabulary and on a test of its ability to recognize similarities.
"But ConceptNet 4 did dramatically worse than average on comprehensionthe 'why' questions," he says.
One of the hardest problems in building an artificial intelligence, Sloan says, is devising a computer program that can make sound and prudent judgment based on a simple perception of the situation or facts — the dictionary definition of commonsense.
Commonsense has eluded AI engineers because it requires both a very large collection of facts and what Sloan calls implicit facts — things so obvious that we don't know we know them. A computer may know the temperature at which water freezes, but we know that ice is cold.
"All of us know a huge number of things," Sloan says. "As babies, we crawled around and yanked on things and learned that things fall. We yanked on other things and learned that dogs and cats don't appreciate having their tails pulled." Life is a rich learning environment.
"We're still very far from programs with commonsense — AI that can answer comprehension questions with the skill of a child of eight," Sloan says. He and his colleagues hope the study will help to focus attention on the "hard spots" in AI research.
Study coauthors are UIC professors Stellan Ohlsson of psychology and Gyorgy Turan of mathematics, statistics, and computer science; and UIC mathematical computer science undergraduate student Aaron Urasky.
The study was supported by award N00014-09-1-0125 from the Office of Naval Research and grant CCF-0916708 from the National Science Foundation.
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