Communications of the ACM
Oak Ridge National Laboratory Launches Imaging Institute
Sergei Kalinin is inaugural director of ORNL's Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials.
Credit: Jason Richards / Oak Ridge National Laboratory
The U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory has launched the Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials to accelerate discovery, design, and deployment of new materials. The institute will meld world-class capabilities in imaging, high-performance computing, materials science, and other scientific disciplines to probe materials. It supports President Obama's Materials Genome Initiative, which aims to bring new materials to the marketplace.
"Advanced materials are essential to clean energy, national security, and global competitiveness," says ORNL Director Thom Mason. "Key energy technologies like solar cells, superconductors, and batteries all have shortcomings that next-generation materials might overcome."
By focusing expertise from ORNL's diverse science portfolio, capabilities in high-performance computing, and success in creating new tools for discovery, the institute promises to speed the arrival of next-generation materials.
"In battery materials, for example, the grand challenge is looking at ions as they move and changes in electronic structure at the same time," says Associate Laboratory Director for Physical Sciences Michelle Buchanan. "We are bringing together leading researchers in imaging, computing, and materials science to meet this challenge."
The new institute creates a focal point for ORNL's core capabilities. The national lab in Tennessee is home to several major DOE Office of Science user facilities, including America's fastest supercomputer, the world's most intense pulsed neutron beam, and world-class facilities for electron/atom probe and scanning probe microscopy; mass spectrometry; and optical, X-ray, and chemical imaging. Its Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division, and Materials Science and Technology Division provide state-of-the-art imaging capabilities. ORNL also has one of DOE's largest theory groups, with researchers in materials science, chemistry, physics, and computational science who can find the missing links needed to put together a fuller understanding of materials.
"Advances in imaging over two decades make it possible to observe and identify individual atoms in materials, but knowing the position and chemical identity of the atoms is not sufficient to understand how these atoms function in a material," says Sergei Kalinin, IFIM's inaugural director. "Advances in imaging are now catalyzing a major transition in this field — making it possible to determine not only where things are, but what things do."
When scientists use multiple imaging tools to explore a material, the resulting data is immense. ORNL's newest institute will integrate computing and experimentation in real time to allow researchers to capture and analyze those data streams.
"Through computing tools we'll be able to quickly find the needle in a haystack of big data — think Google for materials," Kalinin says. "Today our imaging studies generate much more data than we can possibly process, and we're throwing most of it away. Real-time data analytics will allow us to build a bridge between materials theory and function."
That new knowledge will enable tailoring of materials to improve efficiency of such tasks as converting solar energy to electricity (in solar cells), transporting energy to the grid (superconducting cables), or converting chemical to electrical energy (batteries).
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