Communications of the ACM
Argonne Pushing Boundaries of Computing in Engine Simulations
Argonne principal mechanical engineer Sibendu Som (left) and computational scientist Raymond Bair (right) discuss combustion engine simulations conducted by VERIFI.
Credit: Argonne National Laboratory
When you're trying to understand the complex inner workings of a virtual engine, with its millions of variables and untold number of uncertainties, the most important horsepower number isn't the one under the hood; it's the one in the computer rack next door.
Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory will be testing the limits of computing horsepower this year with a new simulation project from the Virtual Engine Research Institute and Fuels Initiative (VERIFI) that will harness 60 million computer core hours to reduce those uncertainties and pave the way to more effective engine simulations.
The research will be conducted on Mira, located at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF), and ranked fifth on the latest Top500 list of the world's fastest supercomputers. VERIFI has been working for two years to gain a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics at work in engine combustion. While VERIFI has used powerful computers before, it has never accessed a system with the computational power of Mira, and the abilities to unlock the many of the secrets of combustion.
"This has the potential to be pioneering work, because we haven't seen anyone really trying to understand these boundary conditions, model parameters, and uncertainties at this level of detail," says Sibendu Som, principal investigator and principal mechanical engineer at Argonne's Center for Transportation Research. "You really need access to these types of computing resources to resolve these questions."
The research will focus on investigating how multiple variables, or uncertainties, interact simultaneously to impact the functioning of an engine. The variables in an engine are vast and include such things as temperature of cylinders and pistons, pressure inside the cylinder, and flow rates of fuels. Tiny changes in any of these conditions can have profound effects on engine performance and emissions.
In the past, slower computers allowed researchers to change one variable to see how it affected the rest. With a supercomputer, the Argonne team will be able to change many of the variables simultaneously and simulate the impact each has on all the others. The overall simulation effort will likely involve about a million calculations to resolve all the variables.
By resolving the uncertainties in engine simulations, the Argonne team will be providing vehicle manufacturers and engine designers with the tools to create more efficient engines faster and at reduced cost. The results from the study will be released publicly and will also be integrated into the CONVERGE engine simulation software created by Convergent Science Inc.
"This is a unique opportunity to provide the power of the ALCF to designers everywhere to help improve the products we drive every day," says Convergent Science's co-founder Kelly Senecal. "By doing these simulations in advance, we will, in effect, be able to provide the benefits of a supercomputer to designers who couldn't normally access such a powerful machine."
A primary focus of the research will be enabling a new generation of gasoline compression engines that operate on the basis of low-temperature combustion. A gasoline compression engine combines many of the benefits of diesel and gasoline engines by using compression to ignite the fuel in the same manner used by diesels. Vehicle manufacturers have shown interest in pursuing low-temperature combustion as an innovative route to more efficient engines.
The project is funded by DOE's Office of Vehicle Technologies within the Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy.
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