Communications of the ACM
Researcher Develops Material to Create Sustainable Energy Source
"This direct band gap material . . . is cheap, it is efficient, and you do not need a large amount to capture enough sunlight to carry out fuel generation," Professor Jose L. Mendoza-Cortes says.
Credit: LinkedIn
A Florida State University researcher has discovered an artificial material that mimics photosynthesis and potentially creates a sustainable energy source.
In "Birnessite: A Layered Manganese Oxide To Capture Sunlight for Water-Splitting Catalysis," published in The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering Jose L. Mendoza-Cortes details how this new material efficiently captures sunlight and then, how the energy can be used to break down water into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2). This process is known as oxidation, and it is also what happens during photosynthesis when a plant uses light to break down water and carbohydrates, which are the main energy sources for the plant.
His discovery generates exciting new prospects for how this process could be used to forge new energy sources in a carbon neutral way. Potentially, hydrogen could be transported to other locations and burned as fuel.
"In theory, this should be a self-sustaining energy source," Mendoza-Cortes says. "Perhaps in the future, you could put this material on your roof and it could turn rain water into energy with the help of the sun."
But, unlike many other energy sources, this won't have a negative effect on the environment.
"You won't generate carbon dioxide or waste," he says.
Mendoza-Cortes, a computational and theoretical chemist, says the challenge he faced was designing something that didn't rust from the process of breaking down water that also trapped the energy and was inexpensive to create. To do this, he initially developed a multilayered material out of manganese oxide, commonly known as birnessite.
But something exciting happened when Mendoza-Cortes and his team peeled back the layers of the material so just a single layer of the material remained—it began trapping light at a much faster rate.
In technical terms, it transitioned from an indirect band gap material to a direct band gap one.
Light with photo energy can penetrate indirect band gap materials much more easily without getting absorbed and used for other purposes. Silicon, for example, is the most commonly known indirect gap band material. But to make the material effective, silicon solar cells are typically stacked and thus hundreds of micrometers thick. If they were any thinner, light would simply pass through them.
Creating a single-layer material that can efficiently trap light is a much more desirable outcome because it is much simpler and cheaper to manufacture.
"This is why the discovery of this direct band gap material is so exciting," Mendoza-Cortes says. "It is cheap, it is efficient, and you do not need a large amount to capture enough sunlight to carry out fuel generation."
Mendoza-Cortes came to FSU by way of the Energy and Materials Strategic Faculty Hiring Initiative. He is a researcher at FSU's High-Performance Materials Institute (HPMI), a multidisciplinary research institute dedicated to the research and development of advanced materials and manufacturing technologies.
Mendoza-Cortes' research is supported by HPMI, the FSU Research Computing Center, the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where he completed a postdoctoral fellowship. Mendoza-Cortes' former intern, Kevin Lucht, is a co-author on The Journal of Physical Chemistry paper.
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