Communications of the ACM
Supercomputers For Quantum Computers
The figure illustrates the spin of a nitrogen vacancy (yellow) in aluminum nitride (cube) designed for qubit applications.
Credit: University of Chicago
Using supercomputers, scientists from the University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory predicted possible new qubits built out of strained aluminum nitride. Moreover, the scientists showed that certain newly developed qubits in silicon carbide have unusually long lifetimes.
One of the leading methods for creating qubits today involves exploiting specific structural atomic defects in diamonds. But using diamonds is both technically challenging and expensive. The researchers suggest an analogous defect in aluminum nitride, which could reduce the difficulty and ultimate cost of manufacturing materials for quantum computing applications.
The researchers describe their work in "Design of Defect Spins in Piezoelectric Aluminum Nitride for Solid-State Hybrid Quantum Technologies," published in the journal Scientific Reports, and "Quantum Decoherence Dynamics of Divacancy Spins in Silicon Carbide," published in the journal Nature Communications.
Quantum computers could break common cryptography techniques, search huge datasets, and simulate quantum systems in a fraction of the time it would take today's computers. However, engineers first need to harness the properties of quantum bits, or qubits. Qubits are the quantum analogue to the classical computer bits "0" and "1." Engineering new qubits with less difficult methods could lower one of the significant barriers to scaling quantum computers from small prototypes into larger-scale technologies.
Using the Edison and Mira supercomputers at DOE's National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center and Argonne National Laboratory respectively, the University of Chicago and Argonne researchers found that by applying strain to aluminum nitride, they can create structural defects in the material that may be harnessed as qubits similar to those seen in diamonds.
They performed their calculations using different levels of theory and the Quantum Espresso and WEST codes, the latter developed at the University of Chicago. The codes allowed them to accurately predict the position of the defect levels in the band-gap of semiconductors.
The researchers also closely collaborated with experimentalists to understand and improve the performance of qubits in industrial materials. Recently, they showed that newly developed qubits in silicon carbide have much longer coherence times than that of the more well-established defect qubits in diamond. Their results pointed to industrially important polyatomic crystals as promising hosts for coherent qubits for scalable quantum devices.
The Scientific Reports paper is authored by Hosung Seo, Marco Govoni, and Giulia Galli. The Nature Communications paper is authored by Hosung Seo, Abram L. Falk, Paul V. Klimov, Kevin C. Miao, Giulia Galli, and David D. Awschalom.
Hosung Seo was primarily supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through the University of Chicago Materials Research Science and Engineering Center under award DMR-1420709. The software developed in this project was supported by MICCoM, as part of the Computational Materials Sciences Program funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. Part of this work was done at Argonne National Laboratory, supported under DOE contract DE-AC02-06CH1135. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science user facility supported by the DOE Office of Science under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, which is a DOE Office of Science user facility supported under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357, and resources of the University of Chicago Research Computing Center.
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