Communications of the ACM
Team Builds Flexible Platform For High-Performance Electronics
Researchers demonstrated thin-film transistors fabricated in a flexible BiCMOS process compatible with commercial microfabrication technology.
Credit: Jung-Hun Seo / SUNY Buffalo
A team of University of Wisconsin-Madison engineers says it has created the most functional flexible transistor in the world — and with it, a fast, simple and inexpensive fabrication process that's easily scalable to the commercial level.
It's an advance that could open the door to an increasingly interconnected world, enabling manufacturers to add "smart," wireless capabilities to any number of large or small products or objects — like wearable sensors and computers for people and animals — that curve, bend, stretch, and move.
Transistors are ubiquitous building blocks of modern electronics. The UW-Madison group's advance is a twist on a two-decade-old industry standard: a BiCMOS (bipolar complementary metal oxide semiconductor) thin-film transistor, which combines two very different technologies — and speed, high current, and low power dissipation in the form of heat and wasted energy — all on one surface.
As a result, these "mixed-signal" devices (with both analog and digital capabilities) deliver both brains and brawn and are the chip of choice for many of today's portable electronic devices, including cellphones.
"The industry standard is very good," says Zhenqiang (Jack) Ma, the Lynn H. Matthias Professor and Vilas Distinguished Achievement Professor in electrical and computer engineering at UW-Madison. "Now we can do the same things with our transistor — but it can bend."
Ma is a world leader in high-frequency flexible electronics. He and his collaborators described their advance in "High-Performance Flexible BiCMOS Electronics Based on Single-Crystal Si Nanomembrane," published in the journal npj Flexible Electronics.
Making traditional BiCMOS flexible electronics is difficult, in part because the process takes several months and requires a multitude of delicate, high-temperature steps. Even a minor variation in temperature at any point could ruin all of the previous steps.
Ma and his collaborators fabricated their flexible electronics on a single-crystal silicon nanomembrane on a single bendable piece of plastic. The secret to their success is their unique process, which eliminates many steps and slashes both the time and cost of fabricating the transistors.
"In industry, they need to finish these in three months," Ma says. "We finished it in a week."
He says his group's much simpler high-temperature process can scale to industry-level production right away.
"The key is that parameters are important," Ma says. "One high-temperature step fixes everything — like glue. Now, we have more powerful mixed-signal tools. Basically, the idea is for flexible electronics to expand with this. The platform is getting bigger."
His collaborators are Jung-Hun Seo of the University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Kan Zhang and Munho Kim of UW–Madison; and Weidong Zhou of the University of Texas at Arlington.
This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0482).
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