Communications of the ACM
Scientists Discover New State of Matter
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A team of physicists has uncovered a new state of matter — a breakthrough that offers promise for increasing storage capabilities in electronic devices and enhancing quantum computing.
"Our research has succeeded in revealing experimental evidence for a new state of matter — topological superconductivity," says Javad Shabani, an assistant professor of physics at New York University. "This new topological state can be manipulated in ways that could both speed calculation in quantum computing and boost storage."
The research is described in "Phase Signature of Topological Transition in Josephson Junctions," and was conducted with Igor Zutic at the University of Buffalo and Alex Matos Abiague at Wayne State University.
The work centers on quantum computing — a method that can make calculations at significantly faster rates than can conventional computing. This is because conventional computers process digital bits in the form of 0s and 1s while quantum computers deploy quantum bits (qubits) where the state can be a coherent superposition of both 0 and 1, exponentially lifting the capacity and speed of data processing.
In their research, Shabani and his colleagues analyzed a transition of quantum state from its conventional state to a new topological state, measuring the energy barrier between these states. They supplemented this by directly measuring signature characteristics of this transition in the order parameter that governs the new topological superconductivity phase.
Here, they focused the inquiry on Majorana particles, which are their own antiparticles — substances with the same mass, but with the opposite physical charge. Scientists see value in Majorana particles because of their potential to store quantum information in a special computation space where quantum information is protected from the environment noise. However, there is no natural host material for these particles, also known as Majorana fermions. As a result, researchers have sought to engineer platforms — i.e., new forms of matter — on which these calculations could be conducted.
"The new discovery of topological superconductivity in a two-dimensional platform paves the way for building scalable topological qubits to not only store quantum information, but also to manipulate the quantum states that are free of error," Shabani says.
Additional authors of the published work are William Mayer, Matthieu C. Dartiailh, Joseph Yuan, and Kaushini S. Wickramasinghe of New York University.
The research was funded, in part, by a grant from the U.S. Department of Defense's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (D18AP00007).
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