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Communications of the ACM

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President's letter to the ACM membership: The journal

A great deal of concern has been expressed to me and to members of the Executive Committee and the Editorial Board about the new status of the Journal. Obviously, the concern is not over the $3 needed to subscribe to the Journal …

CODAS: a data display system

CODAS, a Customer Oriented Data System, is a user-oriented data retrieval and display system. The command language of the system provides the user with an easy means for specifying data retrieval and display requests. Data is …

Variable length tree structures having minimum average search time

Sussenguth suggests in a paper (1963) that a file should be organized as a doubly-chained tree structure if it is necessary both to search and to update frequently. Such a structure provides a compromise between the fast search …

Randomized binary search technique

A mathematical model is developed for the mean and variance of the number of trials to recover a given document in a randomly received list of files. The search method described is binary in nature and offers new potential for …

On arithmetic expressions and trees

A description is given of how a tree representing the evaluation of an arithmetic expression can be drawn in such a way that the number of accumulators needed for the computation can be represented in a straightforward manner …

Coding the Lehmer pseudo-random number generator

An algorithm and coding technique is presented for quick evaluation of the Lehmer pseudo-random number generator modulo 2 ** 31 - 1, a prime Mersenne number which produces 2 ** 31 - 2 numbers, on a p-bit (greater than 31) computer …

The logarithmic error and Newton's method for the square root

The problem of obtaining optimal starting values for the calculation of the square root using Newton's method is considered. It has been pointed out elsewhere that if relative error is used as the measure of goodness of fit,  …

Interval arithmetic determinant evaluation and its use in testing for a Chebyshev system

Two recent papers, one by Hansen and one by Hansen and R. R. Smith, have shown how Interval Arithmetic (I.A.) can be used effectively to bound errors in matrix computations. In the present paper a method proposed by Hansen and …

Extremely portable random number generator

Extremely portable subroutines are sometimes needed for which moderate quality and efficiency suffice. Typically, this occurs for library functions (like random number generation and incore sorting) which are not entirely universal …

Images from computers and microfilm plotters

Digital computers are widely used for the processing of information and data of all kinds, including the pictorial information contained in photographs and other graphical representations. Efficient conversion facilities for  …

Exclusive simulation of activity in digital networks

A technique for simulating the detailed logic networks of large and active digital systems is described. Essential objectives sought are improved ease and economy in model generation, economy in execution time and space, and  …

Information science in a Ph.D. computer science program

This report contains recommendations on a sample course curriculum in the general area of information organization and information system design in a Ph.D. Computer Science Program. The subject area is first briefly described …