Robert D. Rachlin
Pages 15-17
Paradigm-shifting landmark buildings are cherished by their occupants and remembered because they reshape our expectations of schools, homes, or offices. Classic examples include Thomas Jefferson's communal design of the “academical …
Ben Shneiderman, Maryann Alavi, Kent Norman, Ellen Yu Borkowski
Pages 19-24
Welcome to the first installment of Digital Village. This new column will be a reliable source of information on modern digital network technologies, particularly from the client side, and the use of those technologies for the …
Hal Berghel
Pages 25-27
AI as a field has undergone rapid growth in diversification and practicality. For the past 10 years, the repertoire of AI techniques has evolved and expanded. Scores of newer fields have recently been added to the traditional …
Toshinori Munakata
Pages 28-31
Since 1984, a person-century of effort has gone into building CYC, a universal schema of roughly 10
5 general concepts spanning human reality. Most of the time has been spent codifying knowledge about these concepts; approximately …
Douglas B. Lenat
Pages 33-38
Because meaningful sentences are composed of meaningful words, any system that hopes to process natural languages as people do must have information about words and their meanings. This information is traditionally provided through …
George A. Miller
Pages 39-41
Natural language processing will grow into a vital industrial technology in the next five to 10 years. But this growth depends on the development of large linguistic databases that capture natural language phenomena [1, 2]. Another …
Toshio Yokoi
Pages 42-44
I applaud Miller's WordNet project and feel that there is much in common in our approaches, even though there are fundamental differences in the two expressions of that spirit. Here, I list the four differences I noted, closing …
Doug Lenat, George Miller, Toshio Yokoi
Pages 45-48
Most work done in distributed artificial intelligence (DAI) had targeted sensory networks, including air traffic control, urban traffic control, and robotic systems. The main reason is that these applications necessitate distributed …
B. Chaib-draa
Pages 49-53
M
achine learning is the study of computational methods for improving performance by mechanizing the acquisition of knowledge from experience. Expert performance requires much domain-specific knowledge, and knowledge engineering …
Pat Langley, Herbert A. Simon
Pages 54-64
Techniques of machine learning have been successfully applied to various problems [1, 12]. Most of these applications rely on attribute-based learning, exemplified by the induction of decision trees as in the program C4.5 [20] …
Ivan Bratko, Stephen Muggleton
Pages 65-70
Vast quantities of text are becoming available in electronic form, ranging from published documents (e.g., electronic dictionaries, encyclopedias, libraries and archives for information retrieval services), to private databases …
Kenneth W. Church, Lisa F. Rau
Pages 71-79
Computer journals and magazines are currently filled with stories about object technology, just as they were filled with stories about artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems in the early 1980s. The naive reader might …
Paul Harmon
Pages 80-86
Rough set theory, introduced by Zdzislaw Pawlak in the early 1980s [11, 12], is a new mathematical tool to deal with vagueness and uncertainty. This approach seems to be of fundamental importance to artificial intelligence (AI) …
Zdzislaw Pawlak, Jerzy Grzymala-Busse, Roman Slowinski, Wojciech Ziarko
Pages 88-95
There lies a behavior between rigid regularity and randomness based on pure chance. It's called a
chaotic system, or
chaos for short [5]. Chaos is all around us. Our notions of physical motion or dynamic systems have encompassed …
William Ditto, Toshinori Munakata
Pages 96-102
Since deterministic chaos is not only a profound concept in science but also a ubiquitous phenomenon in real-world nonlinear systems, extending to a variety of temporal and spatial scales, it can be naturally related to applications …
Kazuyuki Aihara, Ryu Katayama
Pages 103-107
The relatively new field of
artificial life attempts to study and understand biological life by synthesizing artificial life forms. To paraphrase Chris Langton, the founder of the field, the goal of artificial life is to “model …
Pattie Maes
Pages 108-114
The Australian public seems to have a characteristic response to computer crime. It is worth giving some anecdotal evidence to support this statement. During fieldwork [1-5], respondents were quizzed regarding their reasoning …
R. A. Coldwell
Pages 115-117
When computers are used to control potentially dangerous devices, new issues and concerns are raised for software engineering. Simply focusing on building software that matches its specifications is not enough. Accidents occur …
Nancy G. Leveson
Page 146
